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  • 1 propior

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propior

  • 2 propiora

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propiora

  • 3 proximi

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > proximi

  • 4 proximum

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > proximum

  • 5 atque or (only before consonants) ac

        atque or (only before consonants) ac conj.    [ad + que], and (like - que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike - que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated).    I. Copulative.    A. Connecting single words and expressions, and, as well as, together with: restituam ac reddam, T.: infamia atque indignitas rei, Cs.: honesta atque inhonesta, S.: parere atque imperare iuxta, L.: acies in speciem simul ac terrorem constiterat, Ta.—Poet. for et... et: Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater, V.—Very rarely after one or more words of its phrase: hederā Gaudere pullā atque myrto, H.—In the phrases: unus atque alter, one and another, one or two, S.: alius atque alius, one and another, successive: aliā atque aliā de causā, L.: etiam atque etiam, again and again, repeatedly: semel atque iterum: iterum atque iterum, V.: huc atque illuc, hither and thither: longe atque late, far and wide.—Adding an emphatic expression, and in fact, and that too, and even, and indeed, and in particular: iter in provinciam nostram atque Italiam, Cs.: dis inmortalibus gratia atque ipsi Iovi: hebeti ingenio atque nullo: res tanta atque tam atrox, S.: Py. cognoscitne? Ch. Ac memoriter, yes, and that too, etc., T.: uno atque eo perexiguo tempore, and that too: atque eo magis, and so much the more: atque id eo magis, and that the more, Cs.: duabus missis cohortibus, atque his primis, etc., Cs. — With adeo or etiam: consilium atque adeo amentia, and in fact: cupide accipiat atque etiam bene dicat, and even, T.: atque adeo etiam, and even, L. —    B. Connecting closely related thoughts, and so, and even, and... too (usu. beginning the clause): atque eccum! and there he is too! T.: Africanus indigens mei? Minime... ac ne ego quidem illius, and I too am not: Punicā religione servata fides est, atque in vincula omnes coniecit, L.—After a word in its clause: funus atque imagines ducant, etc., H.— Adding an emphatic clause: exsules adlicere coepit: ac tantam sibi auctoritatem comparaverat, etc., Cs.: vos pro libertate non... nitemini? atque eo vehementius, quod, etc., S.—With a negative: si fidem habeat... ac non id metuat, ne, etc., and does not rather, T.: quasi nunc id agatur, quis... ac non hoc quaeratur: ut civem, ac non potius ut hostem.—Adding an adversative clause, and yet, and nevertheless: Quibus nunc sollicitor rebus!... atque ex me hic natus non est, T.: non dicere pro nobis possunt; atque haec a nobis petunt omnia: nihil praeterea est magno opere dicendum. ac tamen... pauca etiam nunc dicam. —In transitions, etc.: locum delegerunt. ac primo adventu, etc., Cs.: Atque ea diversa, dum geruntur, V.: Atque hic tantus vir, N.: nomen ei iugo Alpium inditum transgressum, L.—    II. After words of comparison, as, than, than as: nihil aeque atque illam vim requirit: neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit: pariter ac si hostes adessent, S.: castra movere iuxta ac si hostes adessent, S.: proinde ac de hominum est vitā merita: cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus, N.: similiter atque ipse eram commotus: fit aliud atque existimaris: aliter causam agi atque iste existimaret: non secus ac si meus esset frater: simulacrum contra atque antea fuerat convertere: simul atque adsedisti: haud minus ac iussi faciunt, V.: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, H.

    Latin-English dictionary > atque or (only before consonants) ac

  • 6 junctus

    juncta -um, junctior -or -us, junctissimus -a -um ADJ
    connected in space, adjoining, contiguous; closely related/associated

    Latin-English dictionary > junctus

  • 7 I

    I, i, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet, a vowel; for even the old grammarians distinguished it from the consonant written with the same character; see the letter J. The short i is, next to ë, the least emphatic of the Latin vowels, and serves, corresp. to the Gr. o, as a connecting sound in forming compounds: aerĭfodina, aerĭpes, altitudo, altĭsonus, arcitenens, homĭcida, etc. It is often inserted in Latin words derived from Greek: mina, techina, cucinus, lucinus (for mna, techna, cycnus, lychnus, etc.); cf. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; 10, p. 447 sq. And in similar manner inserted in arguiturus, abnuiturus, etc. The vowel i is most closely related to u, and hence the transition of the latter into the former took place not only by assimilation into a following i, as similis, together with simul and simultas; facilis, together with facul and facultas; familia, together with famul and famulus; but also simply for greater ease of utterance; so that, from the class. per. onward, we find i written in the place of the older u: optimus, maximus, finitimus, satira, lacrima, libet, libido, etc., instead of the earlier optumus, maxumus, finitumus, satura, lacruma, lubet, lubido, etc.; cf. also the archaic genitives cererus, venerus, honorus, nominus, etc., for the later Cereris, Veneris, honoris, nominis, etc., the archaic orthography caputalis for capitalis, etc. For the relation of i to a and e, see those letters. Examples of commutation between i and o are rare: -agnitus, cognitus, together with notus, ilico from in loco, the archaic forms ollus, ollic for ille, illic, and inversely, sispes and sispita for sospes and sospita. As an abbreviation, I (as the sign of the vowel i) denotes in, infra, ipse, Isis, etc.: IDQ iidemque, I. H. F. C. ipsius heres faciendum curavit, IM. immunis, IMP. imperium, imperator, etc. The capital letter I is often confounded with the numeral I. (unus, primus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > I

  • 8 i

    I, i, the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet, a vowel; for even the old grammarians distinguished it from the consonant written with the same character; see the letter J. The short i is, next to ë, the least emphatic of the Latin vowels, and serves, corresp. to the Gr. o, as a connecting sound in forming compounds: aerĭfodina, aerĭpes, altitudo, altĭsonus, arcitenens, homĭcida, etc. It is often inserted in Latin words derived from Greek: mina, techina, cucinus, lucinus (for mna, techna, cycnus, lychnus, etc.); cf. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; 10, p. 447 sq. And in similar manner inserted in arguiturus, abnuiturus, etc. The vowel i is most closely related to u, and hence the transition of the latter into the former took place not only by assimilation into a following i, as similis, together with simul and simultas; facilis, together with facul and facultas; familia, together with famul and famulus; but also simply for greater ease of utterance; so that, from the class. per. onward, we find i written in the place of the older u: optimus, maximus, finitimus, satira, lacrima, libet, libido, etc., instead of the earlier optumus, maxumus, finitumus, satura, lacruma, lubet, lubido, etc.; cf. also the archaic genitives cererus, venerus, honorus, nominus, etc., for the later Cereris, Veneris, honoris, nominis, etc., the archaic orthography caputalis for capitalis, etc. For the relation of i to a and e, see those letters. Examples of commutation between i and o are rare: -agnitus, cognitus, together with notus, ilico from in loco, the archaic forms ollus, ollic for ille, illic, and inversely, sispes and sispita for sospes and sospita. As an abbreviation, I (as the sign of the vowel i) denotes in, infra, ipse, Isis, etc.: IDQ iidemque, I. H. F. C. ipsius heres faciendum curavit, IM. immunis, IMP. imperium, imperator, etc. The capital letter I is often confounded with the numeral I. (unus, primus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > i

  • 9 finitimi

    fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

    Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

    Galli Belgis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

    homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

    aër mari,

    id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

    latus Boreae,

    i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

    Marsi,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

    civitates,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

    bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

    finitimi ac vicini,

    id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —
    II. (α).
    With dat.:

    unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    metus aegritudini,

    id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

    falsa veris,

    closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    deterrimum genus optimo,

    id. Rep. 1, 42:

    consensus principum administrationi,

    id. ib. 1, 28:

    poëta oratori,

    id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

    historia huic generi,

    id. Or. 20, 66:

    Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

    is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

    artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

    id. Brut. 42, 156:

    finitimum malum,

    id. Rep. 1, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finitimi

  • 10 finitimus

    fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

    Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

    Galli Belgis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

    homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

    aër mari,

    id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

    latus Boreae,

    i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

    Marsi,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

    civitates,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

    bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

    finitimi ac vicini,

    id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —
    II. (α).
    With dat.:

    unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    metus aegritudini,

    id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

    falsa veris,

    closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    deterrimum genus optimo,

    id. Rep. 1, 42:

    consensus principum administrationi,

    id. ib. 1, 28:

    poëta oratori,

    id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

    historia huic generi,

    id. Or. 20, 66:

    Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

    is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

    artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

    id. Brut. 42, 156:

    finitimum malum,

    id. Rep. 1, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finitimus

  • 11 finitumus

    fīnĭtĭmus or fīnĭtŭmus, a, um, adj. [finis; cf. maritimus], bordering upon, adjoining, neighboring (class.; syn.: vicinus, confinis, conterminus, contiguus, continens).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    sumus enim finitimi Atinatibus,

    Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

    Galli Belgis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 3:

    homines bellicosi locis patentibus,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 2: regnum Ariobarzanis vestris vectigalibus, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 2, 5:

    aër mari,

    id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

    latus Boreae,

    i. e. bordering upon the north, northern, Hor. C. 3, 24, 38.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    Romanos ea loca finitimae provinciae adjungere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2 fin.:

    Marsi,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 3:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 111:

    civitates,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: fīnĭtĭmi, ōrum, m., neighbors:

    bella cum finitimis felicissime multa gessit,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 9; cf.:

    finitimi ac vicini,

    id. Sull. 20, 58; id. de Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; 1, 5, 4; 2, 16, 2 et saep. —
    II. (α).
    With dat.:

    unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut audacia, quae fidentiae finitima est,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. id. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    metus aegritudini,

    id. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:

    falsa veris,

    closely allied, id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    deterrimum genus optimo,

    id. Rep. 1, 42:

    consensus principum administrationi,

    id. ib. 1, 28:

    poëta oratori,

    id. de Or. 1. 16, 70; cf.:

    historia huic generi,

    id. Or. 20, 66:

    Autronii nomen finitimum maxime est hujus periculo et crimini,

    is very closely connected with, id. Sull. 25, 71.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

    artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas,

    id. Brut. 42, 156:

    finitimum malum,

    id. Rep. 1, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finitumus

  • 12 necessārius

        necessārius adj.    [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, pressing, needful, requisite, necessary, compulsory: conclusio: leges: causa ad proficiscendum, Cs.: locus huic disputationi necessarius de amicitiā, essential: castra ponere necessarium visum est, L.: necessariā re coactus, by necessity, Cs.: tam necessario tempore, time of need, Cs.: longius necessario procedere, too far, Cs.: ut dilucide narremus necessarium est.— Plur n. as subst: ad necessaria ferenda, the necessaries of life, Cu.— Connected by natural ties, belonging, related, connected, bound: homo (a father-in-law), N.—As subst m. and f a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron: sui, S.: meus familiaris ac necessarius: virgo huius propinqua et necessaria.
    * * *
    I
    relative; connection, one closely connected by friendship/family/obligation
    II
    necessaria -um, necessarior -or -us, - ADJ
    necessary/needed/essential/indispensable; vital/private (body part); close tied; inevitable, fateful; urgent/critical; unavoidable/compulsory; natural (death)

    Latin-English dictionary > necessārius

  • 13 conjunctus

    I
    conjuncta, conjunctum ADJ
    adjoining/contiguous/linked; connected/contemporary (time), continuous; complex; closely connected/related/attached/associated (friendship/kinship/wed)
    II
    process/state of being joined together; connection, conjunction (L+S); (ABL S)

    Latin-English dictionary > conjunctus

  • 14 implico

    implĭco ( inpl-), āvi, ātum, or (twice in Cic., and freq. since the Aug. per.) ŭi, ĭtum (v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 550 sq.), 1, v. a. [in-plico, to fold into; hence], to infold, involve, entangle, entwine, inwrap, envelop, encircle, embrace, clasp, grasp (freq. and class.; cf.: irretio, impedio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    involvulus in pampini folio se,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 64:

    ut tenax hedera huc et illuc Arborem implicat errans,

    Cat. 61, 35; cf. id. ib. 107 sq.:

    et nunc huc inde huc incertos implicat orbes,

    Verg. A. 12, 743:

    dextrae se parvus Iulus Implicuit,

    id. ib. 2, 724; cf.:

    implicuit materno bracchia collo,

    Ov. M. 1, 762:

    implicuitque suos circum mea colla lacertos,

    id. Am. 2, 18, 9:

    implicuitque comam laevā,

    grasped, Verg. A. 2, 552:

    sertis comas,

    Tib. 3, 6, 64:

    crinem auro,

    Verg. A. 4, 148:

    frondenti tempora ramo,

    id. ib. 7, 136; cf. Ov. F. 5, 220: in parte inferiore hic implicabatur caput, Afran. ap. Non. 123, 16 (implicare positum pro ornare, Non.):

    aquila implicuit pedes atque unguibus haesit,

    Verg. A. 11, 752:

    effusumque equitem super ipse (equus) secutus Implicat,

    id. ib. 10, 894:

    congressi in proelia totas Implicuere inter se acies,

    id. ib. 11, 632:

    implicare ac perturbare aciem,

    Sall. J. 59, 3:

    (lues) ossibus implicat ignem,

    Verg. A. 7, 355.—In part. perf.:

    quini erant ordines conjuncti inter se atque implicati,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 4:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis Crines,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    folium implicatum,

    Plin. 21, 17, 65, § 105:

    intestinum implicatum,

    id. 11, 4, 3, § 9:

    impliciti laqueis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 580:

    Cerberos implicitis angue minante comis,

    id. H. 9, 94:

    implicitamque sinu absstulit,

    id. A. A. 1, 561:

    impliciti Peleus rapit oscula nati,

    held in his arms, Val. Fl. 1, 264.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to entangle, implicate, involve, envelop, engage:

    di immortales vim suam... tum terrae cavernis includunt, tum hominum naturis implicant,

    Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

    contrahendis negotiis implicari,

    id. Off. 2, 11, 40:

    alienis (rebus) nimis implicari molestum esse,

    id. Lael. 13, 45:

    implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

    id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

    implicari negotio,

    id. Leg. 1, 3:

    ipse te impedies, ipse tua defensione implicabere,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 44; cf.: multis implicari erroribus, id. Tusc. 4, 27, 58:

    bello,

    Verg. A. 11, 109:

    eum primo incertis implicantes responsis,

    Liv. 27, 43, 3:

    nisi forte implacabiles irae vestrae implicaverint animos vestros,

    perplexed, confounded, id. 40, 46, 6:

    paucitas in partitione servatur, si genera ipsa rerum ponuntur, neque permixte cum partibus implicantur,

    are mingled, mixed up, Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 32: ut omnibus copiis conductis te implicet, ne ad me iter tibi expeditum sit, Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, D, 1:

    tanti errores implicant temporum, ut nec qui consules nec quid quoque anno actum sit digerere possis,

    Liv. 2, 21, 4.—In part. perf.:

    dum rei publicae quaedam procuratio multis officiis implicatum et constrictum tenebat,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

    Deus nullis occupationibus est implicatus,

    id. N. D. 1, 19, 51; cf.:

    implicatus molestis negotiis et operosis,

    id. ib. 1, 20, 52:

    animos dederit suis angoribus et molestiis implicatos,

    id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3:

    Agrippina morbo corporis implicata,

    Tac. A. 4, 53:

    inconstantia tua cum levitate, tum etiam perjurio implicata,

    Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; cf. id. Phil. 2, 32, 81:

    intervalla, quibus implicata atque permixta oratio est,

    id. Or. 56, 187:

    (voluptas) penitus in omni sensu implicata insidet,

    id. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

    quae quatuor inter se colligata atque implicata,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 15:

    natura non tam propensus ad misericordiam quam implicatus ad severitatem videbatur,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85;

    and in the form implicitus, esp. with morbo (in morbum): quies necessaria morbo implicitum exercitum tenuit,

    Liv. 3, 2, 1; 7, 23, 2; 23, 40, 1:

    ubi se quisque videbat Implicitum morbo,

    Lucr. 6, 1232:

    graviore morbo implicitus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

    implicitus in morbum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 6; Liv. 23, 34, 11:

    implicitus suspicionibus,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 19; cf.:

    implicitus terrore,

    Luc. 3, 432:

    litibus implicitus,

    Hor. A. P. 424:

    implicitam sinu abstulit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 562:

    (vinum) jam sanos implicitos facit,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 87.—
    B.
    In partic., to attach closely, connect intimately, to unite, join; in pass., to be intimately connected, associated, or related:

    (homo) profectus a caritate domesticorum ac suorum serpat longius et se implicet primum civium, deinde mortalium omnium societate,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

    omnes qui nostris familiaritatibus implicantur,

    id. Balb. 27, 60:

    (L. Gellius) ita diu vixit, ut multarum aetatum oratoribus implicaretur,

    id. Brut. 47, 174:

    quibus applicari expediet, non implicari,

    Sen. Ep. 105, 5.— In part. perf.:

    aliquos habere implicatos consuetudine et benevolentia,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 2:

    implicatus amicitiis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 8:

    familiaritate,

    id. Pis. 29, 70:

    implicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

    id. Lael. 22, 85. —Hence,
    1.
    implĭcātus ( inpl-), a, um, P. a., entangled, perplexed, confused, intricate:

    nec in Torquati sermone quicquam implicatum aut tortuosum fuit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

    reliquae (partes orationis) sunt magnae, implicatae, variae, graves, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 14, 52: vox rauca et implicata, Sen. Apocol. med. — Comp.:

    implicatior ad loquendum,

    Amm. 26, 6, 18. — Sup.:

    obscurissima et implicatissima quaestio,

    Gell. 6, 2, 15:

    ista tortuosissima et implicatissima nodositas,

    Aug. Conf. 2, 10 init. —
    2.
    im-plĭcĭtē ( inpl-), adv., intricately (rare):

    non implicite et abscondite, sed patentius et expeditius,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > implico

  • 15 inplico

    implĭco ( inpl-), āvi, ātum, or (twice in Cic., and freq. since the Aug. per.) ŭi, ĭtum (v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 550 sq.), 1, v. a. [in-plico, to fold into; hence], to infold, involve, entangle, entwine, inwrap, envelop, encircle, embrace, clasp, grasp (freq. and class.; cf.: irretio, impedio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    involvulus in pampini folio se,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 64:

    ut tenax hedera huc et illuc Arborem implicat errans,

    Cat. 61, 35; cf. id. ib. 107 sq.:

    et nunc huc inde huc incertos implicat orbes,

    Verg. A. 12, 743:

    dextrae se parvus Iulus Implicuit,

    id. ib. 2, 724; cf.:

    implicuit materno bracchia collo,

    Ov. M. 1, 762:

    implicuitque suos circum mea colla lacertos,

    id. Am. 2, 18, 9:

    implicuitque comam laevā,

    grasped, Verg. A. 2, 552:

    sertis comas,

    Tib. 3, 6, 64:

    crinem auro,

    Verg. A. 4, 148:

    frondenti tempora ramo,

    id. ib. 7, 136; cf. Ov. F. 5, 220: in parte inferiore hic implicabatur caput, Afran. ap. Non. 123, 16 (implicare positum pro ornare, Non.):

    aquila implicuit pedes atque unguibus haesit,

    Verg. A. 11, 752:

    effusumque equitem super ipse (equus) secutus Implicat,

    id. ib. 10, 894:

    congressi in proelia totas Implicuere inter se acies,

    id. ib. 11, 632:

    implicare ac perturbare aciem,

    Sall. J. 59, 3:

    (lues) ossibus implicat ignem,

    Verg. A. 7, 355.—In part. perf.:

    quini erant ordines conjuncti inter se atque implicati,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 4:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis Crines,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    folium implicatum,

    Plin. 21, 17, 65, § 105:

    intestinum implicatum,

    id. 11, 4, 3, § 9:

    impliciti laqueis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 580:

    Cerberos implicitis angue minante comis,

    id. H. 9, 94:

    implicitamque sinu absstulit,

    id. A. A. 1, 561:

    impliciti Peleus rapit oscula nati,

    held in his arms, Val. Fl. 1, 264.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to entangle, implicate, involve, envelop, engage:

    di immortales vim suam... tum terrae cavernis includunt, tum hominum naturis implicant,

    Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

    contrahendis negotiis implicari,

    id. Off. 2, 11, 40:

    alienis (rebus) nimis implicari molestum esse,

    id. Lael. 13, 45:

    implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

    id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

    implicari negotio,

    id. Leg. 1, 3:

    ipse te impedies, ipse tua defensione implicabere,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 44; cf.: multis implicari erroribus, id. Tusc. 4, 27, 58:

    bello,

    Verg. A. 11, 109:

    eum primo incertis implicantes responsis,

    Liv. 27, 43, 3:

    nisi forte implacabiles irae vestrae implicaverint animos vestros,

    perplexed, confounded, id. 40, 46, 6:

    paucitas in partitione servatur, si genera ipsa rerum ponuntur, neque permixte cum partibus implicantur,

    are mingled, mixed up, Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 32: ut omnibus copiis conductis te implicet, ne ad me iter tibi expeditum sit, Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, D, 1:

    tanti errores implicant temporum, ut nec qui consules nec quid quoque anno actum sit digerere possis,

    Liv. 2, 21, 4.—In part. perf.:

    dum rei publicae quaedam procuratio multis officiis implicatum et constrictum tenebat,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

    Deus nullis occupationibus est implicatus,

    id. N. D. 1, 19, 51; cf.:

    implicatus molestis negotiis et operosis,

    id. ib. 1, 20, 52:

    animos dederit suis angoribus et molestiis implicatos,

    id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3:

    Agrippina morbo corporis implicata,

    Tac. A. 4, 53:

    inconstantia tua cum levitate, tum etiam perjurio implicata,

    Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; cf. id. Phil. 2, 32, 81:

    intervalla, quibus implicata atque permixta oratio est,

    id. Or. 56, 187:

    (voluptas) penitus in omni sensu implicata insidet,

    id. Leg. 1, 17, 47:

    quae quatuor inter se colligata atque implicata,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 15:

    natura non tam propensus ad misericordiam quam implicatus ad severitatem videbatur,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85;

    and in the form implicitus, esp. with morbo (in morbum): quies necessaria morbo implicitum exercitum tenuit,

    Liv. 3, 2, 1; 7, 23, 2; 23, 40, 1:

    ubi se quisque videbat Implicitum morbo,

    Lucr. 6, 1232:

    graviore morbo implicitus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

    implicitus in morbum,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 6; Liv. 23, 34, 11:

    implicitus suspicionibus,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 19; cf.:

    implicitus terrore,

    Luc. 3, 432:

    litibus implicitus,

    Hor. A. P. 424:

    implicitam sinu abstulit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 562:

    (vinum) jam sanos implicitos facit,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 87.—
    B.
    In partic., to attach closely, connect intimately, to unite, join; in pass., to be intimately connected, associated, or related:

    (homo) profectus a caritate domesticorum ac suorum serpat longius et se implicet primum civium, deinde mortalium omnium societate,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

    omnes qui nostris familiaritatibus implicantur,

    id. Balb. 27, 60:

    (L. Gellius) ita diu vixit, ut multarum aetatum oratoribus implicaretur,

    id. Brut. 47, 174:

    quibus applicari expediet, non implicari,

    Sen. Ep. 105, 5.— In part. perf.:

    aliquos habere implicatos consuetudine et benevolentia,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 2:

    implicatus amicitiis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 8:

    familiaritate,

    id. Pis. 29, 70:

    implicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

    id. Lael. 22, 85. —Hence,
    1.
    implĭcātus ( inpl-), a, um, P. a., entangled, perplexed, confused, intricate:

    nec in Torquati sermone quicquam implicatum aut tortuosum fuit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

    reliquae (partes orationis) sunt magnae, implicatae, variae, graves, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 14, 52: vox rauca et implicata, Sen. Apocol. med. — Comp.:

    implicatior ad loquendum,

    Amm. 26, 6, 18. — Sup.:

    obscurissima et implicatissima quaestio,

    Gell. 6, 2, 15:

    ista tortuosissima et implicatissima nodositas,

    Aug. Conf. 2, 10 init. —
    2.
    im-plĭcĭtē ( inpl-), adv., intricately (rare):

    non implicite et abscondite, sed patentius et expeditius,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inplico

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